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He defeated Prime Minister Diefenbaker in the. Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, P.C., C.C. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Instead, they can stay in office as long as their government has the confidence of a majority in the House of Commons of Canada under the system of responsible government. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirty-Fifth Parliament. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. His government fluctuated between majority and minority over the course of four years, due to by-elections and political developments. John George, C.H., P.C., Q.C., B.A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., F.R.S.A., D.Litt., D.S.L. List of Prime Ministers of Canada by time in office, List of prime ministers of Australia by time in office, List of prime ministers of New Zealand by age, List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by length of tenure. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Hon. : Ministry, Refs: References, This page was last edited on 24 March 2021, at 21:22. Sir Wilfrid Laurier, P.C., K.C., G.C.M.G. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – MULRONEY, The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. [3] Before 1920, prime ministers' resignations were accepted immediately by the governor general and the last day of the ministries were the date he died or the date of resignation. His official residence, also in Ottawa, is known as 24 Sussex. [30] He won the subsequent elections in 1940 and 1945, and retired in 1948. Sir Charles, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C.M.G., C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Contact Information – TRUDEAU, The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Turner served one short term as prime minister. The prime ministerial term is not tied directly to the term of the House of Commons, which the Constitution sets as a maximum of five years from the most recent general election. Abbott served one short term of just over a year. The first thing to understand when memorizing the names of the Canadian Prime Ministers is that you’re dealing with a list. An incoming prime minister will normally take office a few weeks after the election, and an outgoing prime minister will usually stay in office for a few weeks after losing the election. The living former prime ministers, in order of service, are: Links related to List of prime ministers of Canada, Historical rankings of prime ministers of Canada, List of prime ministers of Canada by time in office, Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Youth, Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, 2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests, Lifespan timeline of prime ministers of Canada, List of Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada, List of Canadian Leaders of the Opposition, "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation", "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Life of a Ministry", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – MACKENZIE, The Hon. All of that time is included in the total "Time in office". While the first prime minister of the country was John A. Macdonald, the current prime minister is Justin Trudeau. [3] Thus, although the outgoing prime minister formally resigns only hours before the incoming ministry swears their oaths, both during the day, the ministries are effectively changed at midnight the night before. He was succeeded by Arthur Meighen. [19], For the first half century of Confederation, there were gaps between the term of an outgoing prime minister and the incoming prime minister. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – LAURIER, The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Eighteenth Parliament. John A. Macdonald, prime minister for almost as long as King and during Canada’s precarious first years, falls from second to third place in the rankings. The date for which a prime minister begins their term has been determined by the date that he or she is sworn into their portfolio, as an oath of office as prime minister is not required. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Second Parliament. The Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, today issued the following statement on the passing of His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh: “It was with deep sadness that I learned of the passing of The Duke of Edinburgh. Sir John Alexander Macdonald, P.C., Q.C., G.C.B., K.C.B. As of January 2021[update], there are six living former prime ministers of Canada, the oldest being Jean Chretien (born 1934; served 1993–2003). Beginner’s Guide To Memorizing Any List . [13], Second term: In the first session of the new parliament it became clear that Clark's government was quickly losing popular support. All others have resigned, either after losing an election or upon retirement. Spending more money than you earn is never a good thing, whether you're a middle class worker or a prime minister. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-First Parliament. [6][7] A prime minister takes office after winning an election, and resigns after losing an election, but the term in office does not match up directly to the term of the Parliament. Since Doomsday, Canada has had several Prime Ministers. Prime Minister Abbott did not take office until June 16, 1891. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Fortieth Parliament. [16] Prime Minister Bowell resigned after a Cabinet revolt.[17]. Sir Wilfrid, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., B.C.L., D.C.L., LL.D., Litt.D. The most recent former prime minister to die was John Turner (1929–2020; served in 1984) on 19 September 2020. After Brian Mulroney announced his resignation, Campbell won the leadership of the Progressive Conservative party. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Contact Information – HARPER, The Right Hon.   Liberal Party of Canada (10) Prime Ministers John Turner (1984) and Kim Campbell (1993) both assumed power in the latter stages of a government’s term only to lose the ensuing election. Steven Guilbeault becomes minister of Canadian heritage; Patty Hajdu becomes minister of health; Ahmed Hussen becomes minister of families, children and social development (13 years, 23 days), 1921–1925[21] Since that was a confidence matter, Clark was forced to call an election. On six occasions from the twentieth century, a prime minister has retired and the governing party has selected a new party leader, who automatically became prime minister. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – TURNER, The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirty-Eighth Parliament. Cartoonists in the modern era will sometimes include in their work a caricature of Sir John A. Macdonald (prime minister 1867-73, 1878-91) – even today our most recognizable prime minister – in order to make parallel points with contemporary events. [74] Borden stayed in office after the end of the war, resigning in 1920. Canadian prime ministers do not have a fixed term of office. Richard Bedford Bennett, P.C., K.C., K.G.St.J. "Canadian government toppled in no-confidence vote". Meighen served two short non-consecutive terms, in 1920-1921 and 1926. Library and Archives Canada: The Right Honourable A. Kim Campbell - Biography. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Eighth Parliament. In the late nineteenth century, three prime ministers succeeded to the office and did not call an election: Prime Minister Abbott resigned for health reasons[15] and Prime Minister Thompson died in office. (Prime Minister Meighen was the exception, governing for over a year before calling an election.) 1945–1948[26], First term: King began his first term after winning a narrow majority government in the election of 1921, defeating Prime Minister Meighen. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Seventh Parliament. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Fifth Parliament. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Sixteenth Parliament. Like, Sir John A. Macdonald (1815-1891). ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – PEARSON, The Right Hon. Instead, they can stay in office as long as their government has the confidence of a majority in the House of Commons of Canada under the system of responsible government. Table 1: Canada’s 23 Prime Ministers, Their Political Party, and Time in Office Prime Minister Party Time in Office Sir John A. Macdonald Liberal Conservative Party 1867-1873, 1878-1891 [1], The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written portion of the Constitution of Canada; executive authority is formally vested in the sovereign and exercised on their behalf by the governor general. He had lost his own seat, but was elected in a by-election and returned to Parliament in January 1922. [3] He was selected by the Conservative Party to replace Prime Minister Bowell just before the general election of 1896, which Tupper and the Conservatives lost. Justin, P.C., B.A., B.Ed", List of books about prime ministers of Canada, World Wars and Interwar Years (1914–1945), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada&oldid=1014042975, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, No. [50], 1896–1900[52] Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, P.C., Q.C., C.C., O.M. Tupper, with the support of the Cabinet, was appointed prime minister by the Governor General, the Earl of Aberdeen. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. [117][116], Second term: Meighen served a second term of just under three months in 1926. 1935–1940[22] Bowell served one short term of just over a year. Sir Mackenzie Bowell, P.C., K.C.M.G. He took office after defeating Prime Minister Tupper in the, Chrétien served for one term, winning three majority governments. Sir Robert Laird, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., D.C.L., LL.D. List of Prime Ministers of Canada - WorldAtlas The prime ministership is part of Canada's constitutional convention tradition. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Forty-First Parliament. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Seventeenth Canadian Parliament. The Governor-General, the Earl of Dufferin, appointed Alexander Mackenzie as prime minister. Some sources, including the Parliament of Canada, apply this convention as far back as 1917. Susan Delacourt, "Chrétien attacks Martin in new book". Laurier refused, but a large number of Liberals joined Borden, who formed a Unionist government. [40] Mackenzie then called the general election of 1874, which he won. He served as Leader of the Opposition for the next four years. The caucus accepted that recommendation and Meighen became party leader and prime minister. [78] He was formally re-appointed as prime minister under the new government. St. Laurent served for one term, with two majority governments. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – CAMPBELL, The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. He won a minority government in the 1925 election, but that government was cut short by the King-Byng Affair. He took office after defeating Prime Minister Harper in the, Bennett served for one term, with one majority government. [49] He was succeeded by John Turner. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. [1] Nor do they have term limits. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Eighth Parliament. Library of Parliament: Overview of the Canadian Parliamentary System. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – BOWELL, The Hon. The Liberals and the New Democratic Party combined to defeat the budget of the Clark government. Arthur Meighen (1920), Louis St. Laurent (1948), Pierre Trudeau (1968),[18] John Turner (1984), Kim Campbell (1993) and Paul Martin (2003) all succeeded to the office in this way. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Sir John Alexander Macdonald (1867–73; 1st time) Alexander Mackenzie (1873–78) Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Prime Ministers of Canada. He was appointed prime minister in the fall of 1873 by the Governor-General, the Earl of Dufferin, after Prime Minister Macdonald resigned over the Pacific Scandal. $50 Canadian Dollars - Sir William Lyon MacKenzie King, Prime Minister . $10 Canadian Dollars - Sir John A. MacDonald, Prime Minister (Canada's First PM) $20 Canadian Dollars - Queen Elizabeth II . All Canadian prime ministers have spoken either French or English, some both, but only a few were fluently bilingual, and few have spoken any other language. John George Diefenbaker, P.C., Q.C., F.R.S.C., F.R.S.A. Here is an alphabetical list of links to current Government of Canada Departments, Agencies, Crown Corporations, Special Operating Agencies and other related organizations. The new prime minister may continue to govern in the parliament called by the previous prime minister, but normally calls an election within a few months. The prime minister of Canada heads the … Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: First Parliament. Arthur Meighen’s second term as prime minister in 1926 lasted only three months before he lost to William Lyon Mackenzie King, the country’s longest serving prime minister. The Right Hon. Prime minister vs president: what's the difference? He became prime minister in December, 2003, as the result of a successful challenge to the leadership of Prime Minister Chrétien. Justin Trudeau, P.C. He resigned as prime minister for the second time.[116]. Charles Joseph, P.C., C.C., A.O.E., B.A., M.A., LL.D. Sir John Sparrow David Thompson, P.C., Q.C., K.C.M.G. In office for just nine months, Clark's term was the shortest for a prime minister who won an election. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Fourth Parliament. [3] A prime minister who is selected by the governing party to replace an outgoing prime minister may also serve a short term, if the new prime minister is defeated at the general election. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – MACDONALD, The Right Hon. [116] He governed for just over a year with a majority in the parliament elected under Borden's leadership in the 1917 election, then called the general election of 1921. [31] He was succeeded by Louis St. The list starts with Confederation on July 1, 1867, and the first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald. If the prime minister's party wins the election, the prime minister remains in office without being sworn in again; the prime minister's tenure of office is continuous. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Third Parliament. The Governor General refused and King resigned. But if that leader lacks the support of the majority, the governor general can appoint another leader who has that support or may dissolve parliament and call a new election. Stephen Harper/Flickr. [41] The office of prime minister was vacant for ten days from Macdonald's death on June 6, 1891, until the appointment of Sir John Abbott as prime minister on June 16, 1891. Governor General Byng then appointed Meighen as Prime Minister, but Meighen's government fell within four days, defeated in Parliament. Following Macdonald's death in the spring of 1891, Abbott was appointed prime minister by the Governor General. [27], Second term: King began his second term when he won a minority government in the 1926 election. The PM also has a ceremonial office located across the street in the Parliament of Canada. [3] The Interpretation Act of 1967 states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day". Joseph Jacques Jean, P.C., C.C., O.M., Q.C., B.A., LL.L., LL.D. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirteenth Parliament. He took office after defeating Prime Minister Turner in the. Second term: Returned to power after defeating Prime Minister Mackenzie in the election of 1878, Macdonald won four successive majority governments. (12 years, 232 days), 1867–1872[33] If defeated in the election, the outgoing prime minister stays in office during the transition period, until the new prime minister takes office. All prime ministers have had one of English or French as their mother tongue with the possible exceptions of Sir John A. Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie , who may have spoken Scottish Gaelic or Lowland Scots as their first language. When a general election is called, the current prime minister stays in office during the election campaign. Trudeau resigned the leadership of the Liberal Party and announced his retirement from politics, staying on as interim leader until the Liberals elected a new party leader. Lester Bowles Pearson, P.C., C.C., O.M., O.B.E. [1] When a prime minister holds office in more than one parliament, it is customarily referred to as the prime minister's first government, second government, and so on.[8]. After King announced his retirement in 1948, St. Laurent won the, Diefenbaker served for one term, with two minority governments and one majority government. He defeated Prime Minister King in the, Pearson served for one term, with two minority governments. Here is a list of all the past and present Prime Ministers of Canada: Prime Ministers of Canada. Click on each prime minister below to read a short biography. Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, P.C., Q.C., K.C.M.G. [3] The longest gap, ten days, was upon the death of Macdonald on June 6, 1891. King served three non-consecutive terms: from 1921 to the spring of 1926 (one majority and one minority government); from the fall of 1926 to 1930 (minority government); and from 1935 to 1948 (two majority governments and one minority government). $5 Canadian Dollars - Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister . Susan Munroe. Charles Joseph Clark, P.C., C.C., A.O.E. He had come in third in the 1968 Liberal leadership convention, Tupper served the shortest term of any Canadian prime minister, only 69 days. Theoretically, the Governor General can dismiss a prime minister, but that has never happened. 1974–1979[45] He led the Conservatives into the, This page was last edited on 23 February 2021, at 05:50. On 1 July 1867, the first ministry assumed office.[2]. Canadian prime ministers do not have a fixed term of office. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Sixth Parliament. Trudeau served two non-consecutive terms: from 1968 to 1979 (two majority governments and one minority government), and then from 1980 to 1984 (one majority government). Meighen resigned as prime minister, but remained as party leader. As of January 2021, there are six living former prime ministers of Canada, the oldest being Jean Chretien (born 1934; served 1993–2003). Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirty-Third Parliament.

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