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Overview Benzodiazepines Medications ending in “zepam” Diazepam- widely used Lorazepam- widely used Temazepam Oxazepam Clonazepam Flurazepam Indications Anxiety Sedation Seizures Alcohol withdrawal Post-operative muscle spasms How Benzodiazepines work- Increase secretion and effect of GABA in the brain GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid = neurotransmitter in the brain) Causes inhibition … Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Note: Excessive and prolonged use may cause physical dependence. If the damage is severe, normal muscular functioning and central nervous system may be permanently damaged. Benzodiazepines differ in how quickly they start working, how long they continue to work, and for what they are most commonly prescribed. Evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy by confirming that client goals and expected outcomes have been met (see “Planning”). Find information on Diazepam (Diastat, Valium) in Davis’s Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing implications, mechanism of action, half … Diazepam and clorazepate have fast onsets of action and usually start working within 30 to 60 minutes. Anxiolytic-hypnotics agents are used to alter an individual’s responses to environmental stimuli. ; Oxazepam has a slow onset, and lorazepam (), alprazolam (), and clonazepam have intermediate onsets of action. Davis Drug Guide … Local damage to skeletal muscles can happen due to injuries and accidents. These agents are referred to as anxiolytics (prevent feelings of tension or fear), sedatives (help patient feel calm and unaware of their environment), and hypnotics (help patients sleep). - Provide frequent sips of water for dry mouth. Nursing implications Assessment & Drug Effects Monitor for adverse reactions. - Provide fluids and fibre for constipation. Report to physician if daytime psychomotor function is depressed. Observe older adult patients closely for signs of overdosage. Most are dose related. Physician will rely on accurate observation and reports of patient response to the drug to determine lowest effective maintenance dose. Spasticity is a condition characterized by sustained contractions of the muscle. Diazepam can slow or stop your breathing, especially if you have recently used an opioid medication, alcohol, or other drugs that can slow your breathing. - Assess blood pressure, pulse and respiration if IV administration. - Evaluate therapeutic response, mental state and physical dependency after long-term use. Nursing Implications. Find information on Diazepam (Diastat, Valium) in Davis’s Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing implications, mechanism of action, half life, administration, and more. Diazepam side effects Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to diazepam : hives ; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Assessment & Drug Effects. Monitor for therapeutic effectiveness. Lab tests: Perform liver function and white blood cell counts on a regular planned basis. Start studying Valium (diazepam). It is due to the loss of nerves responsible for maintenance of balance in corresponding muscle activities. NURSING CONSIDERATIONS - Assess baseline vital signs. NURSING PROCESS FOCUS Clients Receiving Benzodiazepine and Nonbenzodiazepine Antianxiety Therapy Evaluation of Outcome Criteria See Tables 14.2 and 14.4 for lists of drugs to which these nursing actions apply.

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